Category: Kolkata Protector

  • Bytes to Justice: Unleashing the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Cybercrime Detection and Policing System

    Bytes to Justice: Unleashing the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Cybercrime Detection and Policing System

    Chandan Pan is a Senior Architect in AI and Customer Decision Hub Unit at BPM MNC.

    Data is the new oil in the digital economy, and the 21st century is now witnessing the power of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science as a tool in law enforcement in preventing and detecting cyber-crimes and policing systems.With the help of AI, it may be possible for a machine to act and behave like a human and learn from experiences of law and order. Today, AI is part of our day-to-day life. Starting from our small daily needs to organisations, AI is now being used inevery corner of our world, from automated driving of a car to generating code for software. As technology is evolving day to day, new methods and techniques are also being used by criminals in executing cyber offences. By recognising the patterns of digital footprints applied by the criminals, AI can detect a signal in identifying a digital threat in the policing system with the help of the following design:
    With the need of the hour, law enforcing departments are also trying to explore latest AI-driven technology to prevent and detect crimes by data-driven approaches. This technology holds great promise to detect various types of crimes in the near future. These crimes pose personal, financial, and economic risk, which turns into complex challenges for law enforcement departments in investigation and prosecution. With the advent of AI, it can seamlessly increase the operational efficiency in the policing system by applying Intelligent Automation (IA), transforming data into insightful information, making decisions faster, and sometimes more accurately than humans.
    Various milestones in AI can be useful in solving the complex problems in crime detection: The advancement in data driven smart technologies has transformed the shape of criminal activities. Cybercrime comprise of many crimes, including various hacking techniques, frauds, online provocations, etc. The law enforcement department is using technologies to collect data from various digital channels like camara, microphones, social media monitoring for threats, security or violation of governance. AI and Deep Learning interpret, analyse and train itself from these varieties of data to identify ordinance violations or emerging threats. AI technologies such as Computer Vision, Image Processing, Facial and License Plate Reading, Speech Identification or Handwriting Recognition can help the police quickly and accurately identify individuals wanted for serious crimes, as well as missing vehicles or people.
    One of the keys areas where AI is widely used is Human Behaviour Analysis. With the advent of big data technology and cloud repositories, AI can use vast amounts of human demographical, behavioural, transactional, and movements in social media to recognise patterns and anomalies, offering promising solutions to complex challenges beyond human capacity.
    Harnessing the power of various statistical and mathematical algorithms, AI can read, process, analyse large volumes of unstructured datasets like social media posts, sms, network logs and texts from dark web forums to discover mysterious cyber connections and identify potential threats. This data science-driven strategy enables law enforcement to spotlight various stages of investigations, helps in resource allocation, and can predict various threats well in advance. It can, therefore, perform risk assessment and protect the society.
    Traditional forensic framework sometimes involves manual investigation of digital footprints consuming considerable time and cost. Using the power of deep learning, digital forensic process can be accelerated in crime investigations to provide information for action.
    Machine Learning (ML) helps in predictive policing where smart technology helps to forecast when and where a future crime will occur. Using criminology reports, predictions are made regarding when and by whom a crime may occur. ML also predicts the severity of the crime, enabling continuous monitoring of suspects’ networks and behaviours. For instance, one could forecast a significant rise in assaults and robberies in a specific area. Inputs may include types of locations or social circumstances, allowing for 24×7 system monitoring and the creation of a real-time risk score. For example, one might forecast an increase in residential burglaries along secluded bus routes on weekdays just after office hours, or one might forecast an increase in jewelry stores break-ins over the weekend or at certain time of the year. From such forecasts, security can be increased to prevent crime or apprehend criminals. AI also plays a key role in preventing and detecting malware, thereby strengthening software systems and reducing the risk of malware infections.
    Text Analytics and Natural Language Processing (NLP), is a part of AI which can generate signals from unstructured text, like reports, WhatsApp messages, social media content, etc. It uses various algorithms to produce threat intelligence, read the sentiments and emotions of the user, and provide intent and summary of the text. Another application of text analytics is detection of fabrication in media news and identification of fake news.
    Indeed, for over a century before the advent of AI, the police have been using their experience, hints from informants, complaints from the public, police craft lore, and amazingly, simple mapping procedures to do predictive policing. Thanks to increased data volumes, advanced algorithms, and improvements in computing power and storage, AI has elevated this capability to the next level. While the evidence of forecasting accuracy in predictive AI for policing systems can be inconsistent, AI-based tools make it easier to identify patterns and trends that might elude human detection. This enables law enforcement agencies to allocate resources more effectively and prevent crime. Similarly, AI can be utilised to identify individuals who may pose a risk to public safety.
    The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) has recently implemented Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to help in smart observing activities in public spaces, such as complex rescue operations, surveilling monitoring areas, critical fire tracking, etc., by providing an intelligent bird’s-eye view of an operation. Various Internet of Things (IoT) devices with autonomous navigation and various mapping statistical and mathematical algorithms can enhance the capabilities of UAVs to improve the effectiveness of surveillance and response operations.
    All technological advancements have their trade-offs, and predictive policing is no exception. The algorithms used may shift oversight concerns from police officers and their superiors to technical details of forecasting algorithms. Moreover, the data used to train algorithms can be flawed, as reported crimes may not always align with crimes committed, and reported crimes may be mischaracterised. The yardstick for forecasting accuracy is current practice, not perfection. The guiding question is whether predictive policing leads to improvements in accuracy beyond current procedures. While there have been some successes, there are no definitive conclusions yet.
    Despite its numerous features and advantages, implementing AI in cybercrime detection and policing systems poses several challenges. One key challenge is the collection, storage, and preprocessing of raw data to remove noise for effective algorithm processing. Additionally, there may be biases in both the data and the algorithm, potentially leading to inaccurate predictions by the system and software.
    We will conclude the topic although the ability of machine to think like human in analysing crime data, identify patterns of crimes, and proactive generate threat intelligence has been reformed in last one decade, but this is just the beginning. However, AI may not be able to fully replace humans’ existence in Law enforcement.By confirming transparent decision-making system, we should maximise the usage of implementing state-of-the-art AI in law enforcement system of our society with equality and integrity to avoid any adverse consequence.
    In conclusion, while machines have made significant strides in analysing crime data, identifying patterns, and generating proactive threat intelligence over the past decade, this is just the beginning. However, it is important to acknowledge that AI may not completely replace human involvement in law enforcement. By ensuring transparent decision-making systems, we can maximise the benefits of implementing state-of-the-art AI in our law enforcement systems with equality and integrity to avoid any potential adverse consequences.

  • Understanding Breast Cancer – Advances, Challenges, and Support

    Understanding Breast Cancer – Advances, Challenges, and Support

    Dr. Pragati Singhal, MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Fellowship in Surgical Oncology and Breast Oncoplasty (Tata Medical Center) Consultant and Breast Oncosurgeon

    Female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally. One in eight women is diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide. Although breast cancer poses a significant health challenge, recent advances are offering new hope and improved outcomes for patients around the world. Breast oncology is entering a new chapter in this era of dynamic advances.
    Self-breast examination, screening, and early detection are critical components in the fight against breast cancer. Screening mammograms have significantly contributed to the decline in breast cancer deaths through early diagnosis and treatment.
    Treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. The selection and sequencing of treatment may vary based on individual patient factors and preferences. The goal of treatment is to not only eradicate cancer but also to preserve the quality of life and overall well-being.
    Breast cancer surgery is a frequently used treatment aimed at removing cancerous tissue from the breast. The type of surgery depends on the stage and type of breast cancer. While mastectomy was previously the standard treatment, advances in surgical techniques and reconstructions have made it possible for women to undergo less invasive surgeries with positive cancer outcomes. Techniques such as oncoplastic surgery combine tumour removal with plastic surgery.
    An overview of common surgical procedures:
    l Mastectomy: skin-sparing, nipple-sparing
    l Breast-conserving surgery with or without oncoplasty
    l Autologous flap reconstruction
    l Reduction mammoplasty
    l Implant-based reconstruction
    l Sentinel lymph node biopsy/axillary clearance
    Emerging therapies such as immunotherapy offer promise for the future of breast cancer treatment, alongside advancements in understanding the molecular and genetic makeup of the disease, paving the way for personalised treatment approaches.
    Preventing breast cancer requires a comprehensive and lifelong commitment. This involves regular testing and making lifestyle modifications. By adopting a complete strategy, individuals can not only prevent breast cancer but also improve their overall well-being.

  • Green Arbitration: Roadmap Towards Fostering Environmental Friendly Proceedings

    Green Arbitration: Roadmap Towards Fostering Environmental Friendly Proceedings

    The author, Chandril Chattopadhyay, is an Advocate at the Calcutta High Court.
    Assisting him in researching for this article are SK Majid Ali and Sadia Sultana, students of the Department of Law, University of Burdwan.

    “Only once we achieve a balance between awareness, debate and empirical data will the international arbitration community be more enlightened on the issues of efficiency, equality and the environment and start to achieve the real change.” – Lucy Greenwood

    The modern-day environmental movement gained momentum in the mid-20th century. The over-exploitation of natural resources has led to a rise in carbon footprint. This has been a global phenomenon in the late 20th and 21st century. The growth of science, technology, industry and development is the main cause. The impact on the environment is intimidating. It is causing serious and ceaseless headaches to every nation. The availability of natural resources for future generations is a growing concern. There is also a concern about carbon catastrophe due to pollution. Environmental consciousness has had a far-reaching impact on various industries, including the legal sector. The environment is not confined by political borders and is a collaborative project among nations. While the COP of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has made institutional and administrative arrangements for member States to ratify different environmental laws, new gaps are emerging to counteract the issue of rising carbon emissions and pollution. Environmental law has expanded to cover regulatory frameworks, and there have been active movements towards corporate social responsibility.
    Lucy Greenwood, environmental activist and arbitrator initiated the Green Pledge movement in 2005. The movement encourages people to make personal communities to make sustainable living choices and reduce their carbon footprint. It has evolved into different pledges and addresses different challenges; all of which often focus on reducing waste, conserving energy, promoting renewable energy resources and advocating for environmental policy changes.
    The Green Pledge has raised awareness about the environmental impact of legal practices. It has encouraged legal professionals to integrate sustainability and develop greener legal services. This includes encouraging clients on environmental laws compliance, sustainability reporting, renewable energy projects, and climate change mitigation strategies.
    The movement has more than 2000 signatories now. It has trained legal professionals and promoted legal education for this cause. It has catalysed positive changes in both the legal profession and environmental sustainability efforts.
    Lucy Greenwood also leads the Green Protocols initiative, which established guidelines for a more eco-friendly and sustainable arbitration process. As part of this initiative, she has launched a new campaign to promote greener arbitration from 2024 to 2026.
    Arbitration and the environment intersect in various ways. Environmental disputes can be resolved privately and efficiently through arbitration, which is less expensive, faster, and more private than litigation. However, arbitration proceedings also have their own set of issues, such as expensive travel, extensive paper usage, and high venue consumption. These problems are now being categorised as environmental risks, and there is a growing awareness in the arbitration community to make sustainable and equitable choices. Many independent, non-funded arbitrators have stepped forward in response to this awareness. The legal framework and international environmental treaties have also established arbitral bodies or procedures tailored to environmental issues.
    Greenwood has brought together several stakeholders as part of the Green Protocols campaign. A steering committee has been formed, and they have created a Framework for the Adoption of the Protocols. The six Green Protocols are available in about seven languages. The Framework provides better strategies to enforce the Green Arbitration methods.
    Green arbitration is a recent phenomenon. It focuses on environmental protection. It aims to mitigate and control the problem of carbon footprint caused by traditional arbitration practices. It is an alternative to the traditional approach of arbitration proceedings and is adopted by stakeholders in the arbitration fraternity. It reduces the environmental impact caused by the process of arbitration and addresses serious ecological concerns and environmental disputes. It promotes sustainability, protects and preserves the environment.
    The problem of the creation of a carbon footprint in the traditional arbitration process has remained unnoticed for a long term. It has been argued that it requires near about twenty thousand planted trees to counterbalance the carbon emissions generated by a single large-scale international arbitration proceeding.
    Mitigation strategies in greener arbitration aim to reduce the environmental impact of arbitration proceedings. Conducting hearings virtually or remotely, participation instead of in-person, minimises the need for travel, thus reducing carbon emissions associated with transportation. Green procurement and e-documents are the initial steps to greener arbitration. Utilising electronic filing systems and digital documentation reduces paper usage, saving trees and reducing waste. Choosing venues and office spaces with energy-efficient features and implementing energy-saving measures during hearings and meetings helps minimise energy consumption. Selecting venues with strong environmental credentials, such as LEED-certified buildings or facilities with renewable energy sources, promotes sustainability. Compensating for unavoidable emissions from travel or energy use by investing in carbon offset projects, such as renewable energy or reforestation initiatives, will help promote the client’s corporate social responsibilities and set a win for all.
    The process of green arbitration should be encouraged because firstly, it can eliminate the high amount of cost incurred in traditional arbitration proceedings and make it cost-efficient. Secondly, it can give effective and expert decisions on environmental contingencies at all levels through the process of virtual arbitration proceedings that would be pliable, fair, and unambiguous. Lastly, it would prioritise the notion of sustainable development, making it adopt and enforce environment-friendly legislation or regulations to member States or other corporate or social institutions to ensure a lesser carbon impact on the environment in resolving disputes.
    There have been many laws enacted in India in pre-independent and post-independent times that directly or indirectly focus on the protection of the natural environment and resources. But no stringent laws have been enacted directly that can show India’s endeavour in making efforts to enact laws to promote green arbitration. Indian jurisprudence is far from green arbitration. The essence of a pollution-free environment and environment sustenance is seen in the Water Act, 1974, Air Act 1981, and EPA Act 1986. India was the first nation to make CSR compulsory and this has encouraged corporations to participate in greener arbitration. Going paperless and energy efficient are other demands and urges in the context of green arbitration that resonated in the IT Act 2000, which gives equal recognition to virtual records.
    It is worth noting that Indian courts have adopted virtual court practices to speed up the delivery of justice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The former Chief Justice of India, SA Bobde, revised the Supreme Court rules to reduce paper consumption by directing the use of A4 size papers and printing on both sides. Additionally, India’s recent pledge to triple its renewable energy resources, as the President of G-20 countries, along with the Energy Conservation Act 2010, which seeks to reduce energy wastage and enhance energy efficiency, have both upheld the spirit of green arbitration at every level. It is evident that Indian legal sanctions have reiterated the need for green arbitration proceedings to be virtual, paperless, cost-effective, energy-efficient, and have less carbon impact by reducing pollution and transportation.
    With the penchant to go paperless, there can be additional concerns about cybersecurity and cyber threats. But improvement in IT infrastructure around the world can help mitigate these risks. Online hearings can also be made more environmentally friendly by using green buildings or by providing a carbon-emission scorecard for the parties involved. This incentivises them to be more conscious of their carbon footprint during the arbitration proceeding.
    Green arbitration fosters an environmental balance and makes the legal fraternity aware of the implications in a positive way by tendering goodwill to the environment, arbitrators, and all mankind. It can become more effective by training legal professionals to promote its cause. Also, it can make arbitration more effective by modernising international arbitrations by embracing new technologies and practices.

  • Watgunge Women Police Station: Spreading Hope Among the Marginalised

    Watgunge Women Police Station: Spreading Hope Among the Marginalised

    Inaugurated seven years ago, the Women Police Stations in Kolkata have been a great success in ensuring the safety and security of women in the city. Thanks to their efforts, Kolkata has become the safest city in India for the third consecutive year, as per the annual report released by the National Crime Records Bureau. Kolkata has the lowest number of cognisable offences per lakh population among all the metropolises in India.
    Watgunge Women Police Station was among the first four to be established. It is situated within the same premises as the Watgunge Police Station. It is responsible for covering the entire area under the Port Division, including North Port, South Port, Watgunge, West Port, Garden Reach, Ekbalpur, Nadial, Rajabagan and Metiaburuz.
    Led by Officer-in-Charge Rupa Singh, the all-female team of Watgunge Women Police Station is doing a remarkable job in fulfilling their duties as responsible police personnel.
    Considering the demographics and literacy rate of the citizens living in this area of the city, the main challenge lies in the awareness perspective. According to OC Rupa Singh, “Our goal as police officers is to provide effective and smart policing with a humane approach. We have noticed that women in this area actively participate in our initiatives. We emphasise counselling in most cases of domestic disputes and misunderstandings, and we have been immensely successful in resolving these issues. However, we never compromise on the safety and security of women. This approach has been the hallmark of Team Watgunge Women Police Station.”
    Rupa Singh is a 2008 batch officer who has always been known for her strict work ethic. In one of her interviews, she candidly shared about her early days in the police force. She used to live in the Hindmotor area of Hooghly and had to travel daily to and from work. None of her family members were part of the police fraternity. During the police verification process for her job, she visited a police station for the first time in her life. She had doubts about whether joining the police force was a wise decision or not. However, after 16 years of working in the Force, she believes that it was indeed the best decision of her life.
    Rupa Singh became a Sub Inspector at the Amherst Street Police Station in 2009. She later worked at the Watgunge Police Station for two years until the inauguration of the Watgunge Women Police Station, where she was then transferred. Following this, she worked as a Sub Inspector at the New Market Police Station in the Central Division. In 2021, Rupa Singh was promoted to Inspector and joined the Detective Department. In 2022, she was assigned as the Officer-In-Charge of the Watgunge Women Police Station.
    Rupa Singh’s experience and expertise have been honed through years of dedication and hard work. She recalled an incident from her early days at Amherst Street Police Station, where they received a missing complaint from a married woman from a nearby locality. That very evening, they found a lady roaming hopelessly on the road and later identified her as the missing woman. During her conversation with the lady, Rupa was astonished to know that the woman had earlier complained of domestic violence, but for some reason, the complaint was withdrawn afterwards. This incident came as a huge shock for Rupa and made her realise that as responsible women officers, they have enough scope to dig the truth with a humanitarian approach.
    In another instance, Rupa Singh talked about how the safety of women is often associated with cybercrime. She narrated an incident from her time at Watgunge Police Station, during which, while patrolling in the early morning hours, they found an unconscious woman at an under-construction building. The lady, belonging to an underprivileged section of society, used to work as a mason. She was sexually assaulted and robbed of her mobile phone and other belongings by a man. The police did not have any lead except for her mobile phone, which was switched off for the next thirty days. On the thirty-first day, the phone started ringing, and they tracked it to Srirampur. They pursued it and eventually caught the culprit, who had sold the phone. Interestingly, the sketch of the culprit provided by the lady did not match the person who was caught. This happens when a person is traumatised. This incident was a significant lesson for Rupa Singh.
    It is interesting to note that the Nayi Disha initiative implemented by the Port Division has had a positive impact on the Watgunge Women Police Station. Awareness programmes are conducted under this scheme in schools, colleges, slum areas, rickshaw stands, and other public interest areas. It has successfully educated people about child marriage, domestic violence, the importance of education, and the legal rights of citizens. It is worth mentioning that the Nayi Disha initiative was initiated under the leadership of the former DCP of Port Division, Kolkata Police, Zafar Ajmal Kidwai, IPS.
    Women from local minority families have actively participated in community development projects of the Kolkata Police. Moreover, the Watgunge Red Light area has also seen a positive transformation, which can be attributed to the visible presence and professionalism of the police force.
    Officer-In-Charge Rupa Singh signed off with these words, “We have been truly vigilant in the true sense of the term. Livelihood is a major area of concern for many women. We are actively working with non-profit groups to empower them. We believe that an inclusive community’s well-being is essential for progress. We can only hope that the Watgunge Women Police Station will serve as a great example for other Women Police Stations operating in the country in the coming days.”

  • Deciphering the Mullick Ghat Flower Market Murder Mystery

    Deciphering the Mullick Ghat Flower Market Murder Mystery

    Every investigation demands meticulous precision and diligence. Irrespective of the severity of the crime, the Kolkata Police Department operates with dynamic teamwork.
    Consider the case of State vs Tara Chand Sonkar, also known as Raja Sonkar. The incident dates back to the afternoon of October 3, 2014, during the Nabami celebration of Durga Puja, when a gruesome incident unfolded near Mullick Ghat Flower Market, turning it into a blood-stained crime scene which resulted in the loss of life.
    Lakhi Mukherjee, or Phuli, as she is affectionately known in the Mullick Ghat Flower Market, was resting with her granddaughter, Neha, in their home on Stand Bank Road near Howrah Bridge. A man named as Raja Sonkar, allegedly involved in a romantic liaison with Phuli, entered her home and had a verbal abusive confrontation with her. The neighbourhood knows Phuli for her Bahubali image or strong demeanour. Raja, visibly upset with reasons known only to him, attacked Phuli with a hasua or sickle from the corner of the room. Phuli narrowly avoided a fatal blow from the sickle wielded by Raja Sonkar. However, Neha and Phuli’s cries alerted others. This prompted Raja Sonkar to flee. Meanwhile, Bijoy, an orphan boy, was asleep on a camp cot downstairs, positioned on the verandah’s southern side adjacent to the building. As he was rushing out from the house, Raja Sonkar dealt a fatal blow to Bijoy’s throat with the sickle. He immediately fled towards the Howrah Bridge after the vile attack.
    Following the incident, the victims – Bijoy and Phuli – were taken to the Medical College, where Phuli survived after treatment, while Bijoy was declared brought dead by the attending doctors.
    The ensuing investigation, referenced as North Port Case No. 92 dated October 3rd, 2014, U/S 302/307 IPC, was spearheaded by the Homicide Squad of the Detective Department, Kolkata Police.
    On November 17th, 2014, Raja Sonkar was apprehended from BK Pal Avenue and Rabindra Sarani Crossing. Subsequently, on November 27, 2014, blood-stained clothing linked to the crime was recovered based on his confession.
    Further investigation revealed an illicit relationship between Raja Sonkar and Phuli. Raja Sonkar suspected that Phuli also had a relationship with the victim Bijoy.
    A charge sheet was filed against Raja Sonkar on February 4, 2014, US 302/307 IPC well within the stipulated period, with Sub Inspector Sandip Pramanick as the Investigating Officer (IO) of the case.
    The trial proceeded at the court of the Ld 2nd FTC, Bichar Bhawan, Kolkata, with Raja Sonkar in custody. Over the course of the trial, 22 prosecution witnesses were examined. On December 4, 2023, the court adjudged Raja Sonkar guilty under Sections 302/324 IPC.
    On December 5, 2023, Raja Sonkar received rigorous life imprisonment and a fine of Rs 10,000, i/d six months imprisonment U/S 302 IPC, and RI for one year U/S 324 IPC. These sentences are to run concurrently, as pronounced by Shri Anindya Banerjee at the Ld 2nd FTC, Bichar Bhawan, Kolkata. l
    Details provided by:
    Homicide Squad, Detective Department, Kolkata Police.

  • Decoding Transnational Online Fraud with Precision

    Decoding Transnational Online Fraud with Precision

    Traditional crime may seem like a relic of the past in today’s digital age. The rapid digitisation has revolutionised the landscape of criminal activities, blurring the lines of traditional demographic boundaries. Kolkata Police is at the forefront of adapting to this paradigm shift, showcasing groundbreaking investigations into cybercrime.
    A recent case demonstrates this transformation: a sophisticated digital fraud targeted at a US citizen, highlighting Kolkata Police’s adeptness in combating cybercrime and digital malfeasance. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), through CBI (Interpol – New Delhi), relayed crucial information to Kolkata Police regarding individuals impersonating as Norton employees. These imposters prepared fraudulent electronic documents, presenting them as genuine to deceive unsuspecting victims into making payments under false pretenses of providing legitimate technology support. In this instance, an elderly US citizen was defrauded a staggering $85,786.57 through an online banking transaction.
    A case was registered at the Cyber Police Station, Lalbazar Head Quarter. (Ref: Case No. 122/22 dt. 01.11.2022, U/S-66/66C/66D read with Section 43 Information Technology Act 2000, and Sections 120B/420/467/468/471 IPC since amended U/S 306 IPC. The complainant was Raja Saha, Sub-Inspector of Police, Cyber Police Station, Kolkata Police Lalbazar Headquarters. The four accused in the case were Shizan Ali Haider, Md Atif, Subtain Ali Haider and Syed Tarique Kalam.
    During the investigation, it was discovered that the IP address under scrutiny was registered to Alliance Broadband, a local service provider in Kolkata. On January 3, 2023, authorities conducted a raid at V. God Cafe, located within the Tiljala Police Station area. Shizan Ali Haider, the individual to whom the IP address was allocated by the broadband service provider, was apprehended after he refused to cooperate with law enforcement and declined to present his identification. Following proper legal procedures, he was arrested after interrogation.
    On January 19, 2023, acting on gathered intelligence, another raid was carried out at Anjuman Road in Beniapukur, resulting in the arrest of Md Asif. Further investigation unveiled that the perpetrators were utilising multiple identities, including two GMail accounts. Authorities reached out to Google, which provided crucial information linking a phone number to the GMail accounts, leading to the identification of Subtain Ali Haider. He was arrested from a hotel in Ajmer, Rajasthan, on January 22, 2023.
    Similarly, leveraging information provided by Google about the other GMail account, authorities tracked down Syed Tarique Kalam, who was ultimately arrested on February 10, 2023, in Pune.
    Given that the victims in this case were from abroad, digital evidence played a crucial role in the investigation. Two of the foreign nationals gave their deposition before the judge, shedding light on the gravity of the situation. Shockingly, one victim revealed that the accused had incited her husband to take his own life, prompting the inclusion of Section 306 IPC alongside the existing charges.
    Further inquiries revealed that all the accused were part of an extensive criminal network, operating across West Bengal and other States. The charge sheet in the case was submitted on April 17, 2023.
    Inspector Shukla Sinha Roy led this intricate investigation, which demanded extensive coordination across borders and meticulous attention to every detail, whether physical or digital. She deservedly earned the esteemed Cyber Cop of the Year Award, a testament to the exceptional capabilities of the Kolkata Police. l
    Details provided by:
    Cyber Police Station, Lalbazar Headquarters, Kolkata Police.

  • HEROES AMONGST US Inspector Shukla Sinha Ray: The Cyber Cop of India

    HEROES AMONGST US Inspector Shukla Sinha Ray: The Cyber Cop of India

    The Kolkata Police has been receiving recognition for its dedication and commitment to the citizens of the City of Joy. Most recently, Inspector Shukla Sinha Ray of Lalbazar Cyber Police Station was named the joint winner, along with an officer from Telangana, as the country’s top cyber cop.
    The award was jointly organised by the Data Security Council of India (DSCI) and NASSCOM in Gurugram. The Cyber Security Conference took place from December 19-21, 2023. Inspector Shukla Sinha Ray was declared co-winner of India’s Top Cyber Cop, surpassing stiff competition from police departments across the country.
    Shukla Sinha Ray was honoured for her investigation into a fake call centre case flagged by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) after a US citizen committed suicide after losing money to fraudsters. Renowned for her professionalism and diligence, she exemplifies dedication and capability in uniform.
    Shukla Sinha Ray was born into a family of a distinguished police officer. She joined the police force after successfully clearing the examination. A member of the 2004 batch, she served in various roles including Traffic Training School (TTS), Special Branch (SB), Shyampukur Police Station, and New Market Police Stations. In 2018, she transitioned to the Cyber Police Station in Lalbazar. Reflecting on her experience, she noted, “When I joined the Cyber Department, complaints about cybercrime were minimal. Until 2019, most cases involved WhatsApp and other social media platforms, where culprits used victims’ photos for sextortion or with malicious intent. However, the COVID era brought significant changes. With the rise of Work from Home (WFH), users’ digital engagement skyrocketed, leading to a paradigm shift in cybercrime worldwide.”
    Rapid digitisation has provided an avenue for scammers and fraudsters to enter the cybercrime domain. Undoubtedly, this domain is more prevalent than traditional crime throughout India today.
    The Cyber Police Station in Lalbazar has set a high standard for swift and efficient investigations, thanks to diligent police officers like Inspector Shukla Sinha Ray. She explains, “The process of conviction and prosecution differs in cybercrime. Electronic evidence often plays a decisive role. Moreover, with social media and other platforms whose servers are located outside India, international coordination is crucial, though time-consuming. Fortunately, in the Call Centre case flagged by the FBI, the coordination was seamless, with witnesses and individuals joining online from different time zones. We are fortunate to have such a fantastic team of officers in Kolkata Police, well-versed in digital aspects. Kolkata Police has undoubtedly set a benchmark in cyber policing.”
    Deciphering cybercrime poses significant challenges. In 2019, the Cyber Police Station in Lalbazar faced a unique case: a victim received a threatening message on WhatsApp containing her nude photo from an unknown number, demanding Rs 10 Lakhs to prevent its online dissemination. With minimal clues beyond the number, Inspector Shukla Sinha Ray recounts, “We initiated our investigation from scratch. WhatsApp’s delayed response hindered progress. The victim clarified that she had not sent the photo to her boyfriend, ruling out his involvement. After meticulous investigation, we apprehended the culprit in Bihar.”
    Inspector Shukla Sinha Ray’s exceptional contributions earned her the Indian Cyber Cop award, making her the first woman to receive this honour. Hopefully, her achievement will inspire more women to join the uniformed services, ensuring the safety and security of citizens.
    We extend our best wishes to Shukla Sinha Ray for her future endeavours as a dedicated member of the Kolkata Police Force.

  • Artificial Intelligence and Investigation

    Artificial Intelligence and Investigation

    Bivas Chatterjee is the Public Prosecutor for Cyber Law and Electronics Evidence for Government of West Bengal

    What is Artificial Intelligence?
    Simply put, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology possessing the same cognitive human abilities similar to humans. It can think, act, and make decisions like us.
    The Journey
    We travelled from enigma machine in 2nd world war era to these days’ AI. AI has both the possibilities for good as well as can be used for evil purposes. AI is our next master. We are in a juncture where we are handing over control of our life to our next super human, of course made by men. It has already become more intelligent than ordinary human being.
    The development from the Enigma machine of the Second World War era to the present AI represents a remarkable journey in human technological advancement. AI indeed holds tremendous potential that has beneficial and detrimental outcomes. We are at a critical juncture where control of our lives is increasingly handed over to AI, a machine, ironically created by humans, but has evidently surpassed ordinary human intelligence.
    Why Worry?
    Much like other innovations, Artificial Intelligence has positive and negative repercussions. However, the primary issue is not with AI itself, but the competitive greed and drive that lead people to develop it for detrimental purposes. For instance, Deepfake technology can impersonate individuals – be it a common man or a high-profile individual – so convincingly that it has become almost impossible to differentiate between the original and deepfake. Another example is the invention of ChatGPT. Within two months of its existence, it was downloaded by more than 100 million people worldwide. AI’s rapid adoption underscores its potential to provide swift and resourceful assistance while also raising concerns about its misuse and impact on society.
    Weaponising AI for Criminal Activities
    The rise of AI scams is a concerning trend. One can be randomly targeted through a phone call or be threatened with manipulated videos or voice recordings of their loved ones for the evil intent of seeking a ransom. A notable incident occurred in the USA whereby a false kidnapping attempt was planned to extort millions of dollars by replicating the daughter’s voice. The increase of deepfakes, particularly pornographic material, draws attention to the dangers of AI misuse.
    AI-generated art are already posing a serious challenge to artists and creators. The latest version of ChatGPT (ChatGPT-4) is estimated to have an IQ of 155, almost equalling renowned scientist Einstein’s IQ of 160. With AI capabilities continuing to show no sign of slowing down, but is surpassing human brain speed by thousands of times, there is growing uneasiness about the high cost of a global destruction driven by human greed.
    Role of AI in Investigations
    Predictive Policing:
    Suitable search engine can predict the probable solution of investigation and prevention of crimes, crime analysis and solution by using the data which are fed in AI. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential for discrimination in such systems.
    By applying appropriate AI powered analysis, the following parameters of effective policing can be done.
    Forecasting:
    ii) Time and place where crime is on the rise.
    iii) A group of people likely to be victims or perpetrators.
    iii) Predictive individuals who may be victims, namely senior citizens, etc.
    iv) Predictive individuals who may be involved in criminal activities
    CCTNS data can help in better crime prediction if used with proper AI algorithm.
    Data analysis plays a crucial role in predictive policing initiatives such as the surveillance matrix in Himachal Pradesh and facial structure analysis at airports to identify fraudsters.
    Developed countries have successfully utilised AI technology to revisit old cases, resulting in solving old, cold and unsolved crimes.
    AI can be used for forensic purposes as well. Recent GSR analysis of crime scenes in the UK has proven that AI will solve many unsolved criminal cases in the future.
    AI-Driven Crimes
    The rise of AI poses a significant threat to human superiority, deepfake videos and cloned voices are just some of the basic examples of what this technology can do to destroy us.
    Cyber criminals are increasingly using AI to commit crimes. Let us examine some of them.
    1) Cloned voices used to generate fake audio can be used to defraud people.
    2) Cloned video or audio may be used in the commission of crimes.
    3) Deepfake technology can be used to commit crimes or scam people.
    4) AI-powered surveillance can cause great harm on individual privacy and safety. Surveillance data at the hand of fraudsters can cause huge damage to a person.
    5) Manipulation of human behavioural by AI-engineered algorithm is a growing threat in political or advertising arenas.
    6) Piracy and plagiarism-related offences.
    7) Gender bias.
    8) Automated hacking tools powered by AI to commit crime.
    9) Manipulation in financial market by AI algorithm, especially in high frequency trading.
    10) Spread of misleading information in every aspect of society, including the trading and financial industry.
    11) Ethical concerns on autonomous weapon systems powered by AI and AI-powered military systems.
    12) AI-powered social engineering (use of manipulative or deceptive tactics to entice unwitting victims to do something they won’t normally do) by manipulating human behaviour resulting into their victimisation. Personal data using AI can make social engineering more powerful.
    13) AI-based malware threatens digital system.
    14) AI-based propaganda to influence public opinion.
    Few Examples of
    AI-Enabled Frauds
    1) A 15-year-old girl on a skiing holiday had her voice replicated by fraudsters, who then called her parents demanding a ransom of one million dollars. Despite the voice sounding just like her, it was AI-generated. The parents later came to know that their daughter was not in the custody of the kidnappers.
    2) An elderly person in Ghaziabad was duped Rs, 74,000 by fraudsters who used deepfake to impersonate a former police officer, who called the elderly man asking him for money.
    3) A man in Lucknow lost Rs. 45,000 when he was duped by a fake voice using AI, which impersonated his relative’s voice.
    4) A woman in Noida was cheated of Rs. 11 Lakhs when she underwent a fabricated interrogation through Skype in connection with a money laundering case.
    5) A person from Kerala was cheated to the tune of Rs. 40,0000 due to an AI-enabled deepfake scam with a false plea that his relative is in hospital and needed help.
    6) An elderly person from Delhi was cheated of Rs 50,000 through a voice cloning fraud
    7) As reported in the South China Morning Post, a company was duped a staggering Rs 200 Crores by a fake video call impersonating the CFO by using using deepfake technology.
    8) Recently, American popstar Taylor Swift also became a victim of the malicious deepfake when vulgar videos of her were posted on various social media platforms.
    Legal Acts and Regulations Related to Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    1. The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) enacted on March 13, 2024.
    2. The European Parliament’s Ethical Principles Framework on AI development, deployment, and use.
    3. Various States in the USA, namely Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Maine, Maryland, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington, have passed laws related to AI.
    4. The United States National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Task Force Act, passed on March 2024.
    5. Singapore’s Model AI Governance Framework.
    6. Canada’s Directive on Automated Decision-Making, to ensure whether AI systems are fair, unbiased, and respect human rights.
    7. Japan’s AI Utilisation Promotion Act.
    8. The Indian Government issued an advisory to social media platforms or intermediaries to identify and remove misinformation and deepfakes within 36 hours of reporting.
      The Need of the Hour
      AI security will be the need of the hour in the near future.
      Immediate control on AI-engineered application with respect to their ethical as well as legal aspect affecting human mankind.
  • South Traffic Guard: Safeguarding Road Traffic Seamlessly

    South Traffic Guard: Safeguarding Road Traffic Seamlessly

    Content curated
    by Ranabir Bhattacharyya

    The South Traffic Guard caters to a very vital area of Kolkata under the jurisdiction of Kolkata Police. It maintains constant liaison with the Headquarters Traffic Guard. Along with that, it is constantly in touch with the Sealdah Traffic Guard in the North; Park Circus and East Traffic Guard in the East; Bhowanipore Traffic Guard in the South and Vidyasagar Traffic Guard in the West for running day-to-day traffic and the seamless movement of vehicles.
    The South Traffic Guard has been operating from its present location since 1991. Previously it used to operate from where the present South East Traffic Guard is located. Covering an estimated area of 4.02 sq km, it encompasses several historical landmarks such as the Victoria Memorial Hall, the Sahid Minar, the Asiatic Society, and the Indian Museum. The jurisdiction of the South Traffic Guard includes over ten educational institutions, multiple hospitals, and private nursing homes. With four wards of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), the population density is notably high, encompassing both residential and office areas. The area is also characterised by multiple market complexes, cinema halls, theatres, art galleries, and places of worship, resulting in a consistently high volume of vehicular movement. The South Traffic Guard operates closely with several police stations, including Hastings, Maidan, Park Street, Shakespeare Sarani, Hare Street, and New Market, all falling within its geographical coverage.
    Under the supervision of the Kolkata Traffic Police management, the South Traffic Guard has taken multiple steps to reduce road accidents and ease traffic congestion. Based on the road traffic statistics, accident-prone roads and black spots have been identified. To reduce traffic congestion and fatal accidents, the South Traffic Guard has taken various developmental steps. First and foremost, cutouts along the busy Jawaharlal Nehru Road have been reviewed regarding crossover. Go slow guard rails with high-quality reflectors at respective crossings have been placed to ensure pedestrian movement and reduction of vehicular traffic. Drop gates have been installed at Exide Crossing and Birla Planetarium Crossing for smooth pedestrian crossover. Additionally, RLVD (Red Light Violation Detection) Cameras with ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) cameras have been installed at various strategic crossings under the South Traffic Guard. Speed indicator boards have been duly installed at multiple areas to create awareness among the citizens to stop incidents of overspeeding and rash driving. Speed limits have been duly notified for AJC Bose Road Flyover and the Park Street Flyovers to avoid any sort of mishaps.
    Nilesh Choudhury, Officer-In-Charge, South Traffic Guard, remarked, “Our team at South Traffic Guard is dedicated to managing road traffic day and night, in the best interests of the citizens. Over the years, the volume of vehicles has significantly increased. Being a veteran in the traffic police fraternity under the Kolkata Traffic Police, we are presently using sophisticated technical gadgets for traffic management, including AI and body cameras. We conduct year-long activities and community engagement programmes to raise awareness. The ‘Safe Drive, Save Life’ campaign has been extremely instrumental in this regard. As a team, we make it a point to focus on prosecution and enforcement to ensure road safety.”
    A very competent and diligent officer with many decades of experience, Nilesh Choudhury has been a stalwart in traffic policing in Kolkata Police. He has closely seen the evolution in traffic policing. In his own words,”To be a traffic police personnel is not easy. The demands of the job are hectic. But make no mistake, the job satisfaction is immense. I am proud to be an integral part of the growth of the city. We work in a closely-knitted team where the feedback of all the officers is given maximum importance. Furthermore, close coordination with all the stakeholders of the traffic ecosystem enables prior planning in traffic policing.”
    Nilesh Choudhury started his policing career with the Headquarter Traffic Guard before serving in multiple capacities at the Vidyasagar Traffic Guard, Howrah Bridge Traffic Guard, Kasba Traffic Guard, and East Traffic Guard. “I am almost on the verge of completing three decades in the Kolkata Traffic Police. There are many unforgettable incidents. After the Majherhat Bridge collapse incident, the way the entire police force came together and mobilised the rescue operation remains a classical example of how our Force has excelled in all situations. We are always ready for all scenarios. The high level of preparedness makes the Kolkata Police the best one in the country,” signs off Officer-In-Charge Nilesh Choudhury, with his usual determination and spirit.
    It is indeed a mammoth task for the South Traffic Guard to monitor and supervise the numerous vital installations and VVIP movement throughout the day. However, with a dedicated team comprising Inspectors, Sergeants, Assistant Sub Inspectors, Constables, Home Guards and Civic Volunteers under the leadership of the Officer-in-Charge, the South Traffic Guard has earned laurels across various quarters for its smooth functioning. We wish them all the very best in all their future endeavours in serving the citizens at large.

  • Bhangar Traffic Guard: Promoting Traffic Compliance in Bhangar

    Bhangar Traffic Guard: Promoting Traffic Compliance in Bhangar

    The Bhangar Traffic Guard is the newest addition to the Kolkata Traffic Police. It is an essential part of the newly established Bhangar Division, which marks the tenth division of the Kolkata Police.
    Located at the meeting point of three districts – Kolkata, North 24 Parganas, and South 24 Parganas – Bhangar occupies a unique geographical position. With its 19 Gram Panchayats, it stands out from other areas under Kolkata Police jurisdiction. Bhangar, Ghatakpukur, and nearby regions are mainly rural.
    Previously, traffic enforcement in such areas was not strict. However, with the establishment of the Bhangar Traffic Guard, this is changing. By using technology and a systematic approach to law enforcement, the Kolkata Traffic Police has built a reputation as one of the country’s most technology-friendly agencies for efficient road traffic management.
    The main goal of the Bhangar Traffic Guard personnel is to educate citizens about traffic rules and regulations on a large scale. Initially, they prioritised raising awareness over prosecution, approaching the issue from a humanitarian standpoint. Their efforts in traffic management in Bhangar have received widespread praise from the local community.
    The Officer-In-Charge of the Bhangar Traffic Guard, Middya Imamuddin, a highly experienced individual in traffic management, stated, “It’s always a challenge to enforce traffic rules in a semi-rural area. We have received fantastic support from the citizens, who appreciate our efforts. We have distributed free helmets to those riding two-wheelers without them. We are collaborating with the Kolkata Traffic Police Department to enhance the traffic management infrastructure in the Bhangar area. Traffic signage at strategic points is already in place, and we have put up flex boards with traffic rules for mass awareness. Zebra crossings are ready for pedestrians and vehicles. Our efforts are showing immediate impact, and we are focusing on enforcement and prosecution. We are in constant communication with the local community, assuring them of assistance from the Kolkata Traffic Police.”
    The Basanti Highway has been a key area of concern for road traffic management. Previously, the Kolkata Police jurisdiction covered 16 KM of the highway. An additional 11 KM has been included. Parking along the Basanti Highway is now completely prohibited to ensure smoother traffic flow.
    At crucial locations like the Ghatakpukur crossing, where traffic congestion is a persistent issue, the officials of the Bhangar Traffic Guard have taken steps to address illegal parking. They have maintained ongoing coordination with local police stations to ensure smooth traffic flow.
    The Bhangar Traffic Guard officials are working actively with two-wheeler showrooms to promote helmet use among buyers of new motorbikes. They are installing spring posts to enhance road safety and have introduced CCTV cameras,body cameras, and other technology-driven tools across Bhangar to achieve a more efficient and secure traffic management system.
    “We are actively addressing incidents of overspeeding, illegal overtaking, riding without helmets, and running red lights, as well as other traffic violations, and taking legal action against the offenders. Those who break traffic rules will receive notifications specifying the relevant sections of the law under which they are being charged. We have relocated a bus stop that was previously situated in front of Ghatakpukur High School. Prior to the Madhyamik and Higher Secondary Examinations, we held extensive meetings with all stakeholders to ensure the safety and smooth transportation of students, guardians, and invigilators. We are also ensuring that the roads are well-illuminated. The significant changes in traffic management in the Bhangar area are clearly visible. We express our gratitude to the law-abiding citizens for their ongoing efforts to help transform Bhangar into a more traffic-friendly environment,” signed off Middya Imamuddin, OC, Bhangar Traffic Guard.
    The positive and enthusiastic response from citizens has led to vehicle owners carrying their legal documents and passengers wearing seat belts in four-wheelers. Clear footpaths, free from illegal encroachments, now offer hassle-free passage for local commuters. One can only anticipate that Bhangar will soon be on par with other areas under the jurisdiction of the Kolkata Police. l
    Narrated to:
    Ranabir Bhattacharyya, Team, The Kolkata PROTECTOR.